Hardwood-Conifer Swamp Plant List

Graminoids

• sedges (Carex bromoides, C. crinita, C. disperma, C. folliculata, C. gracillima, C. hystericina, C. intumescens, C. lacustris, C. lupulina, C. stricta, and others)
• wood reedgrasses (Cinna arundinacea and C. latifolia)
• Virginia wild-rye (Elymus virginicus)
• fowl manna grass (Glyceria striata)
• rice cut grass (Leersia oryzoides)
• bog bluegrass (Poa paludigena)
• fowl meadow grass (Poa palustris)

Forbs

• wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis)
• jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
• beggar-ticks (Bidens spp.)
• marsh-marigold (Caltha palustris)
• spring cress (Cardamine bulbosa)
• Pennsylvania bitter cress (Cardamine pensylvanica)
• cuckoo-flower (Cardamine pratensis)
• turtlehead (Chelone glabra)
• golden saxifrage (Chrysosplenium americanum)
• small enchanter’s-nightshade (Circaea alpina)
• virgin’s bower (Clematis virginiana)
• bluebead lily (Clintonia borealis)
• goldthread (Coptis trifolia)
• lady-slippers (Cypripedium spp.)
• flat-topped white aster (Doellingeria umbellata)
• willow-herbs (Epilobium spp.)
• jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
• twinflower (Linnaea borealis)
• northern bugle weed (Lycopus uniflorus)
• tufted loosestrife (Lysimachia thyrsiflora)
• Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense)
• partridge berry (Mitchella repens)
• bishop’s-cap (Mitella diphylla)
• naked miterwort (Mitella nuda)
• northern wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella)
• golden ragwort (Packera aurea)
• smartweeds (Persicaria spp.)
• gay-wings (Polygala paucifolia)
• water-parsnip (Sium suave)
• goldenrods (Solidago patula, S. rugosa, and others)
• calico aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
• swamp aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
• skunk-cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
• starflower (Trientalis borealis)
• violets (Viola spp.)

Ferns

• wood ferns (Dryopteris spp.)
• oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris)
• sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
• cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
• interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
• royal fern (Osmunda regalis)
• New York fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)

Fern Allies

• horsetails (Equisetum spp.)

Woody Vines

• red honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica)
• Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
• poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
• riverbank grape (Vitis riparia)

Mosses

• callicladium moss (Callicladium haldanianum)
• big red stem moss (Pleurozium schreberi)
• sphagnum mosses (Sphagnum spp.)

Shrubs

• tag alder (Alnus incana)
• bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)
• dogwoods (Cornus foemina and C. sericea)
• creeping snowberry (Gaultheria hispidula)
• winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
• spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
• Canadian fly honeysuckle (Lonicera canadensis)
• alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia)
• swamp red currant (Ribes triste)
• dwarf raspberry (Rubus pubescens)
• poison sumac (Toxicodendron vernix)

Trees

• balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
• red maple (Acer rubrum)
• mountain maple (Acer spicatum)
• yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
• paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
• musclewood (Carpinus caroliniana)
• black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
• green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
• tamarack (Larix laricina)
• white spruce (Picea glauca)
• black spruce (Picea mariana)
• white pine (Pinus strobus)
• northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
• basswood (Tilia americana)
• hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
• American elm (Ulmus americana)