Plants and Animals
Notropis anogenus Pugnose shiner
Key Characteristics
The pugnose shiner is a small (38-56 mm) straw colored minnow with a distinctively tiny almost vertical upturned mouth. This species has a complete, slightly de-curved lateral line with 34-38 scales and a dark lateral band that extends from the caudal peduncle, through the eye and around the snout. They have 8 dorsal rays. In addition, the pugnose shiner has a black peritoneum (lining of body cavity) that can be seen through the body wall of preserved specimens.
Status and Rank
US Status: No Status/Not Listed
State Status: E - Endangered (legally protected)
Global Rank: G3 - Vulnerable
State Rank: S1S2 - Rank is uncertain, ranging from critically imperiled to imperiled
Occurrences
| County | Number of Occurrences | Year Last Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Alpena | 2 | 1991 |
| Barry | 4 | 1978 |
| Branch | 2 | 1948 |
| Calhoun | 4 | 1994 |
| Cass | 1 | 2002 |
| Cheboygan | 5 | 1995 |
| Gladwin | 1 | 1953 |
| Hillsdale | 2 | 1994 |
| Ingham | 1 | 1962 |
| Ionia | 1 | 2016 |
| Kalamazoo | 2 | 2002 |
| Kent | 2 | 1955 |
| Leelanau | 1 | 1949 |
| Lenawee | 2 | 1964 |
| Macomb | 1 | 1894 |
| Manistee | 1 | 1932 |
| Mecosta | 1 | 1952 |
| Montmorency | 1 | 1991 |
| Newaygo | 3 | 1985 |
| Oakland | 5 | 2018 |
| Otsego | 1 | 1925 |
| Presque Isle | 1 | 1925 |
| Shiawassee | 1 | 1987 |
| St. Clair | 4 | 2018 |
| St. Joseph | 1 | 2011 |
| Van Buren | 1 | 1952 |
| Washtenaw | 1 | 1938 |
| Wayne | 2 | 1894 |
Information is summarized from MNFI's database of rare species and community occurrences. Data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed.
Habitat
The Pugnose shiner inhabits clear vegetated lakes and vegetated pools and runs of low gradient streams and rivers. They appear to be extremely intolerant to turbidity.
Specific Habitat Needs
Macrophytes needed in: Inland lake, littoral, midwater;
Macrophytes, quiet waters needed in: Mainstem stream (3rd-4th order), pool; Mainstem stream (3rd-4th order), run;
Natural Community Types
- Inland lake, littoral, midwater
- Mainstem stream (3rd-4th order), pool
- Mainstem stream (3rd-4th order), run
For each species, lists of natural communities were derived from review of the nearly 6,500 element occurrences in the MNFI database, in addition to herbarium label data for some taxa. In most cases, at least one specimen record exists for each listed natural community. For certain taxa, especially poorly collected or extirpated species of prairie and savanna habitats, natural community lists were derived from inferences from collection sites and habitat preferences in immediately adjacent states (particularly Indiana and Illinois). Natural communities are not listed for those species documented only from altered or ruderal habitats in Michigan, especially for taxa that occur in a variety of habitats outside of the state.
Natural communities are not listed in order of frequency of occurrence, but are rather derived from the full set of natural communities, organized by Ecological Group. In many cases, the general habitat descriptions should provide greater clarity and direction to the surveyor. In future versions of the Rare Species Explorer, we hope to incorporate natural community fidelity ranks for each taxon.
Management Recommendations
The pugnose shiner is naturally rare throughout its range. Pugnose shiner habitats tend to be difficult to sample effectively, which may present an inadequate picture of their population status. This species is susceptible to turbidity. To manage for this species practices that remove or decrease macrophyte abundance, change sediment transport, and modify shoreline or riparian areas should be limited.
Active Period
Spawning from first week of June to fourth week of July
Survey Methods
Electrofishing
Survey Period: From first week of April to fourth week of September
Minnow traps
Survey Period: From first week of April to fourth week of September
Seines
Survey Period: From first week of April to fourth week of September
Trap or fyke nets
Survey Period: From first week of April to fourth week of September
References
Survey References
- Murphy, B.R. and D.W. Willis, eds. 1996. Fisheries Techniques, 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda. 732pp.
Technical References
- Bailey, R.M., W.C. Latta, and G.R. Smith. 2004. An Atlas of Michigan Fishes. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, No. 192, Ann Arbor. 215p.
- Derosier, A.L. 2004. Special Animal Abstract for Notropis anogenus (Pugnose shiner). Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. 2pp.
- Page, L. M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432pp.
- Parker, B., P. McKee, and R.R. Campbell. 1987. Status of the silver chub, Hybopsis storeriana, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 101(2):190-194.
- Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin 184, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. 966pp.
- Smith, C.L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany. 522pp.
- Smith, P. W. 1979. The Fishes of Illinois. University of Illinois Press, Chicago. 314 pp.
- Trautman, M.B. 1981. The Fishes of Ohio. Ohio State University Press, Columbus. 782pp.