Photo by Brad Slaughter 

Key Characteristics

Small rhizomatous forb (40-80 cm) of coastal plain marshes; leaves in whorls, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate and revolute, pinnately veined, 3.5-7 cm long; flowers 1-2 cm wide, yellow, in terminal clusters, sepals revolute.

Status and Rank

• State Status: T - Threatened (legally protected)
• State Rank: S1 - Critically imperiled
• Global Rank: G3 - Vulnerable

Occurrences

County Name	Number of Occurrences	Year Last Observed
Newaygo	2	2006

Updated 05/08/2013. Information is summarized from MNFI's database of rare species and community occurrences. Data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed.

Natural Community Types

• Coastal plain marsh

Associated Plants

Bluejoint grass, prairie cordgrass, panic grass, wool-grass, three-way sedge, wire sedge, black-fruited spikerush, tall beak-rush, Canadian rush, hyssop hedge-nettle, lance-leaved violet, meadow-beauty, grass-leaved arrowhead, northern bugleweed, fireweed, Canadian St. John's-wort, larger Canadian St. John's-wort, lakes flat-topped goldenrod, southern blue flag, swamp dewberry, meadowsweet, and steeplebush.

Management

This species requires conservation of habitat and protection of the hydrology, including maintenance of cyclical drawdown regime and water table. Maintain moist, open habitat. It is also vulnerable to ORV impacts and dredging and filling activities.

General Survey Guidelines

Random meander search covers areas that appear likely to have rare taxa, based on habitat and the judgement of the investigator.

Survey Methods

• Meander search

  Survey Period: From fourth week of June to first week of October

Page Citation

References

Survey References

• Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, and J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and Monitoring Plant Populations. The Nature Conservancy and Bureau of Land Management, Denver. BLM Technical Reference 1730-1. 477pp.

• Goff, G.F., G.A. Dawson, and J.J. Rochow. 1982. Site examination for Threatened and Endangered plant species. Environmental Management 6(4): 307-316

• Nelson, J.R. 1984. Rare Plant Field Survey Guidelines. In: J.P. Smith and R. York. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. 3rd Ed. California Native Plant Society, Berkeley. 174pp.

• Nelson, J.R. 1986. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques For Impact Assessment. Natural Areas Journal 5(3):18-30.

• Nelson, J.R. 1987. Rare Plant Surveys: Techniques for Impact Assessment. In: Conservation and management of rare and endangered plants. Ed. T.S. Elias. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 8pp.

Technical References

• Gleason, H. A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second edition. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 910pp.

• Gray, A. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany; eighth ed. Van Nostrand Reinghold, New York. 1632pp.

• Holmgren, N.H. 1998. Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the vascular plants of Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx. 937pp.

• Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1986. Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 507pp.

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