Occurrences

County Name	Number of Occurrences	Year Last Observed
Barry	1	1996
Cass	2	1989

Updated 05/08/2013. Information is summarized from MNFI's database of rare species and community occurrences. Data may not reflect true distribution since much of the state has not been thoroughly surveyed.

Natural Community Types

• Floodplain forest
• Southern hardwood swamp
• Inundated shrub swamp

Management

The Small heterocampa is extremely rare and considered imperiled or critically imperiled in Michigan. Little is known about this species' status, distribution, life history, ecology and threats in the state. Thus, specific management recommendations can not be provided at this time. In general, surveys should be conducted to determine this species' status and distribution. Research to obtain more information about this species' life history and ecology and efforts to assess threats to this species also are warranted. Sites at which this species has been documented should be protected and maintained. Adequate and suitable habitat at these sites need to be maintained including sufficient densities of the species' host plant. Maintenance and preservation of this species' habitats likely include maintaining lateral and longitudinal connectivity, protecting and/or restoring hydrology and controlling invasive species.

Active Period

Flight from third week of May to third week of August

Survey Methods

Larvae are likely present in June to July and again in August to September. In Michigan, adults have been found from mid-May to mid-August. The best way to survey for this species is by blacklighting at night during the adult flight period, a technique whereby a sheet is stretched across two trees or poles and an ultraviolet light is used to attract moths to the sheet. Moths can be collected directly from the sheet. Insects come to light usually in largest numbers on still, dark, cloudy nights when both temperature and humidity are high. Reports of this species should be documented with a voucher specimen or a good photograph and verification by a species expert.

• Blacklighting
  • Survey Period: From third week of May to third week of August
    • Time: Evening Humidity: Humid
      Cloud Cover: Overcast
      Air Temperature: Warm
      Survey Comments: Ideal survey conditions but surveys can be conducted under other conditions as well.
      
    • Time: Night Humidity: Humid
      Cloud Cover: Overcast
      Air Temperature: Warm
      Survey Comments: Ideal survey conditions but surveys can be conducted under other conditions as well.
      

Page Citation

References

Survey References

• Covell, Charles. A Field Guide to the Moths of Eastern North America. Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 496 pp.

• Martin, J.E.H. 1977. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada (Part 1): Collecting, preparing, and preserving insects, mites, and spiders. Publication 1643. Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa.

Technical References

• Covell, Charles. A Field Guide to the Moths of Eastern North America. Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 496 pp.

• Stehr, F. W. 1997. Michigan Lepidoptera Survey Sites and Seasonal Occurrence of Michigan's Listed Species Annual Report 1997. 30 pp.+ MI Lepidoptera Survey Data Collection Form

• Tepley, A. J., J.G. Cohen, and L. Huberty. 2004. Natural community abstract for southern floodplain forest. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. 14 pp.

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